Nie ma możliwości zmiany rozdzielczości ekranu

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Na backports jest tyle pakietów nawalone, że w ogóle nie wiem, które wybrać.

Te związane z kernelem, nazwa jest ta sama co w dystrybucji stabilnej.
Po dodaniu repozytorii backports robisz sobie update bazy paczek i potem instalujesz kernel i opcjonalnie też pliki nagłówkowe:

Kod:

sudo apt install -t bullseye-backports linux-image-amd64 linux-headers-amd64

https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/

Add Backports to sources.list
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main
to sources.list (or add a new file with the ".list" extension to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/).

Run apt update or apt-get update

Installing a Package from Backports
All backports are deactivated by default so that the normal operation of a stable installation will not be compromised with potentially disruptive changes (such as incompatible configuration schema). Release files make this possible, and all backported packages are pinned to priority 100 via ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes. To install something from backports run one of:

apt install <package>/bullseye-backports
apt-get install <package>/bullseye-backports
or

apt install -t bullseye-backports <package>
apt-get install -t bullseye-backports <package>
and of course aptitude may also be used:

aptitude install <package>/bullseye-backports